CNA Staff, Nov 25, 2023 / 06:00 am (CNA).
Every year on the last Sunday in Ordinary Time, the Catholic Church observes the solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe — also known as the feast of Christ the King — a relatively recent addition to the Church’s liturgical calendar, instituted just under a century ago by Pope Pius XI.
In his 1925 encyclical Quas Primas, Pius XI argued that the “manifold evils in the world were due to the fact that the majority of men had thrust Jesus Christ and his holy law out of their lives” and that “as long as individuals and states refused to submit to the rule of our Savior, there would be no really hopeful prospect of a lasting peace among nations.”
The U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops notes on its website that, around the time of Pius XI’s encyclical, “in Mexico, Russia, and some parts of Europe, militantly secularistic regimes threatened not just the Catholic Church and its faithful but civilization itself.”
Indeed, just several years before Quas Primas, the Bolsheviks in Russia had executed the October Revolution, which touched off a series of events that would ultimately lead to the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922. The Soviet government would establish itself as an explicitly secular state and implement severe restrictions on religious freedom and aggressive persecution of religious believers in the coming decades.
Amid those upheavals and turbulent regime changes, Pope Pius XI in his encyclical argued that “men must look for the peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ.”
To that end, Pius XI announced “the insertion into the Sacred Liturgy of a special feast of the kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ,” which he hoped would be “attended with much fruit and produce beneficial results in the future.”
Jesus, Pope Pius XI said, had long been accorded the title of “King” due to “the metaphorical title of ‘King,’ because of the high degree of perfection whereby he excels all creatures” but also in “the strict and proper sense too.”
Pius went on: “For it is only as man that he may be said to have received from the Father ‘power and glory and a kingdom,’ since the Word of God, as consubstantial with the Father, has all things in common with him, and therefore has necessarily supreme and absolute dominion over all things created.”
That Christ’s blessings may be spread as abundantly as possible, “it is necessary that the kingship of our Savior should be as widely as possible recognized and understood,” Pius XI wrote; to that end, “nothing would serve better than the institution of a special feast in honor of the kingship of Christ.”
“If we ordain that the whole Catholic world shall revere Christ as king,” the pope wrote, “we shall minister to the need of the present day and at the same time provide an excellent remedy for the plague which now infects society.”
The pope established the feast as falling on the last Sunday of the month of October. In his 1969 motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis, Pope Paul VI approved the new Roman Universal Calendar, creating the norms by which the final Sunday in Ordinary Time is celebrated as the yearly observance of the feast of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe. It is the final Sunday of the liturgical year, the last Sunday before the first Sunday of Advent.
In a 2021 homily, Bishop Robert Barron said the feast “sums up what the Christian life is all about.”
“All the other celebrations of the year,” Barron said, are “… leading you toward that conclusion, that Christ must be king.”
“If we say anything but that,” he said, “we are basically horsing around with Christianity and not living it seriously.”
In a homily on the solemnity in 2021, Pope Francis said that Jesus became man “without duplicity, in order to proclaim by his life that his kingdom is different from the kingdoms of the world.”
“His is the kingdom of love,” the Holy Father said, describing Christ as the king “of the kingdom of those who give their lives for the salvation of others.”
In his 1925 encyclical, meanwhile, Pius XI wrote that if the truths of Christ “are presented to the faithful for their consideration, they will prove a powerful incentive to perfection.”
The pontiff expressed his hope that “having lived our lives in accordance with the laws of God’s kingdom, we may receive full measure of good fruit, and counted by Christ good and faithful servants, we may be rendered partakers of eternal bliss and glory with him in his heavenly kingdom.”
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A good article that should have included Mussolini’s March on Rome October 28-30 1922, when Catholic King Victor Emmanuel III transferred power to socialist atheist Mussolini, and the Fascists. 1925 Mussolini assumes the title Il Duce granting him supreme authority in Italy, comparable to Hitler’s Der Führer. Pius XI 1925 proclaimed in Quas Primas, “We institute the Feast of the Kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ to be observed yearly throughout the whole world on the last Sunday of the month of October”. These events very likely influenced the correspondence of timing and dates of Pius XI’s Encyclical Quas Primas.
Benito Mussolini, arrogant and atheistic, sought to supplant Christ and failed miserably leading Italy into the shameful entry and debacle of WWII. Perhaps the only good he accomplished during the war was his protection while in power of Italian Jews, despite their persecution by the fascist government from Hitler’s gas chambers.
This feast day, established in 1925, has a certain poignancy for yours truly.
Beginning in 1942, the Manhattan Project was initiated to fabricate an atomic bomb before Hitler could do the same. The three major sites for this top-secret program were the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in desolate eastern in Washington State, Oak Ridge in Tennessee, and Los Alamos in New Mexico. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Project#Plutonium
The over-night bedroom community to the Hanford Works was my home town, Richland Washington (but I was born in the over-night military hospital behind the Hanford “barricade” in July 1944). The farming town of Hanford was expropriated and totally evacuated. All of the churches in the new Richland were the identical military construction.
In a world of rising Fascism, Communism and Socialism, the local Catholic Church, perched on a small hill, was named “Christ the King Parish.” The parish are still there, thriving, with a brick K-8 school featuring two full classrooms for each grade. The erect, four-foot wood statue of Christ the King, globe in hand and originally housed in a niche over the front double-door of the old building, is now displayed in the entryway of the new church (1980).
One might distinguish between the World War II production of plutonium at Hanford, the decision and its actual use on Nagasaki, and now the cost of very difficult and ongoing nuclear waste cleanup from over four decades of the nuclear arms race, at an estimated cost of between $300 and $600 Billion extending out to 2076.
Like the statue and the disposal byproducts, in other ways the mid-20th century is also still with us, as in Ukraine and China. And, as is Christ the King.