Rome Newsroom, Jun 14, 2024 / 11:00 am (CNA).
Pope Francis stressed that human dignity requires that the decisions of artificial intelligence (AI) be under the control of human beings as he participated for the first time in a G7 summit on Friday.
“Faced with the marvels of machines, which seem to know how to choose independently, we should be very clear that decision-making, even when we are confronted with its sometimes dramatic and urgent aspects, must always be left to the human person,” he said in front of world leaders June 14.
“We would condemn humanity to a future without hope if we took away people’s ability to make decisions about themselves and their lives by dooming them to depend on the choices of machines,” the pope added. “We need to ensure and safeguard a space for proper human control over the choices made by artificial intelligence programs: human dignity itself depends on it.”
The Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations summit is being held June 13–15 in the southern Italian region of Puglia.
Pope Francis participated in the June 14 “outreach” session, which also included invited nations and international organizations and was on the topics of artificial intelligence, energy, and the Africa and Mediterranean regions.
The pope held bilateral meetings with several notable leaders before the session, including Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. After the session he will hold a bilateral meeting with U.S. President Joe Biden and others.
Calling AI “an exciting and fearsome tool,” the pontiff said artificial intelligence must be used for good and for building a better tomorrow, and aimed at the good of people.
“It is up to everyone to make good use of [AI technology], but the onus is on politics to create the conditions for such good use to be possible and fruitful,” he underlined.
Copies of the pope’s full speech, which were read in a slightly abridged version, were handed out to attendees, the Vatican said.
Francis drew attention to the complexity of artificial intelligence as a tool, warning that “if in the past, men and women who fashioned simple tools saw their lives shaped by them — the knife enabled them to survive the cold but also to develop the art of warfare — now that human beings have fashioned complex tools they will see their lives shaped by them all the more.”
He also urged leaders to reconsider the development of so-called “lethal autonomous weapons” and to ban their use.
“This starts,” he said, “from an effective and concrete commitment to introduce ever greater and proper human control. No machine should ever choose to take the life of a human being.”
He warned that the good use of advanced forms of artificial intelligence will not remain fully under the control of its users or original designers, given that in the future, AI programs will even be able to communicate directly with one another to improve performance.
After an already full morning, including audiences with the president of Cape Verde and more than 100 comedians from around the world, Pope Francis flew by helicopter to Borgo Egnazia, the luxury resort where the G7 meeting is being held.
Pope Francis will arrive back at the Vatican around 9 p.m. local time after a helicopter ride of about an hour and a half.
The Vatican has been heavily involved in the conversation on artificial intelligence ethics, hosting high-level discussions with scientists and tech executives on the ethics of artificial intelligence in 2016 and 2020.
In his remarks at the G7 on Friday, Francis also highlighted some specific limitations of AI, including the ability to predict human behavior.
He described the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system to analyze data about a prisoner’s ethnicity, type of offense, behavior in prison, and more to judge their suitability for house arrest over imprisonment.
“Human beings are always developing and are capable of surprising us by their actions. This is something that a machine cannot take into account,” he said.
He criticized “generative artificial intelligence,” which he said can be especially appealing to students today, who may even use it to compose papers.
“Yet they forget that, strictly speaking, so-called generative artificial intelligence is not really ‘generative.’ Instead, it searches big data for information and puts it together in the style required of it. It does not develop new analyses or concepts but repeats those that it finds, giving them an appealing form,” the pontiff said.
“Then, the more it finds a repeated notion or hypothesis, the more it considers it legitimate and valid. Rather than being ‘generative,’ then, it is instead ‘reinforcing’ in the sense that it rearranges existing content, helping to consolidate it, often without checking whether it contains errors or preconceptions.”
This runs the risk of undermining culture and the educational process by reinforcing “fake news” or a dominant narrative, he continued, noting that “education should provide students with the possibility of authentic reflection, yet it runs the risk of being reduced to a repetition of notions, which will increasingly be evaluated as unobjectionable, simply because of their constant repetition.”
He also pointed out the increasing use of AI programs, like chatbots, that interact directly with people in ways that can even be pleasant and reassuring, since they are designed to respond to the psychological needs of human beings.
“It is a frequent and serious mistake to forget that artificial intelligence is not another human being,” he underlined.
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In addition, and distinct and more basic than even the defense of human “decision-making,” is the personal responsibility for making informed “moral judgments.”
A former pope wrote of this threat to the transcendent dignity of the human person and even to civilization, thirty years before AI ever hit the stock markets, and before clericalist ambiguity wrapped itself around a striped flag:
“A separation, or even an opposition [!], is thus established in some cases between the teaching of the precept, which is valid and general, and the norm of the individual conscience, which would in fact make the final decision [!][no longer a ‘moral judgment’] about what is good and what is evil. On this basis, an attempt is made to legitimize so-called ‘pastoral’ solutions [!] contrary to the teaching of the Magisterium, and to justify a ‘creative’ hermeneutic according to which the moral conscience is in no way obliged, in every case, by a particular negative precept [‘thou shalt not…’]” (St. John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor, 1993, n. 56).
SUMMARY: Morality is not reducible to a data-dump AI benefit-cost ratio. Nor to word games…
Pope Francis was well prepared to address the benefits and dangers of AI, his major premise that Man remains in control of decisive decision making. The difficulty in that ethical premise is in defining parameters, although the guidance in searching is that the human intellect does not surrender control of what comprises our humanness.
The vision of AI taking over all decision making including military [including auto intersystem search and application] men divested of their will [warned by Francis] becoming drones doomed to an uncontrolled fate is not a very pleasant one.
Life is sacred and a precious gift. Human beings are the backbone of Planet Earth, our common home. Technology, machines, and gadgets come and go. But life goes on and on. Long live life.