Christian watchdog calls on U.S. to recognize persecution of Christians in Nigeria

CNA Staff, Jul 23, 2024 / 15:45 pm (CNA).

A Christian human rights advocacy group is calling on the U.S. government to recognize the pervasive persecution of Christians in Nigeria in a report that documents religiously-motivated violence, kidnappings, torture, sexual assault, forced marriages, blasphemy laws, and other forms of abuse in that country.

“The outcry of Nigerian Christians is falling on deaf ears. It is time for the United States to answer their call for help,” International Christian Concern (ICC), an ecumenical, nonpartisan Christian group advocating for human rights for Christians and religious minorities around the world, says in its July report “A Case for Nigeria’s Country of Particular Concern Status.”

The U.S. secretary of state designates countries of “particular concern” if they tolerate or engage in severe violations against religious freedom such as torture, prolonged detention without charges, abduction, and other human rights abuses.

ICC’s report includes firsthand testimony from an ICC staff visit to Nigeria in March 2023 as well as open-source research and on-the-ground information collected by ICC field staff.

“Unfortunately, for almost two decades, the right to religious freedom has rapidly deteriorated in the West African country of Nigeria,” the report says. “After the rise of Islamic terrorist groups in 2009, Nigeria’s Christian community in particular has faced extremist violence at one of the fastest-growing rates.”

“From then until the present day, more than 50,000 Christians have been slaughtered by violent insurgency groups — and the silence from Western nations on this genocide is appalling.”

Religiously-motivated violence

The groups behind the violence are “strongly influenced by religion,” the report notes, highlighting Boko Haram, which targets “un-Islamic” activity, the Islamic State West Africa (ISIS-West Africa or IS-WA), which specifically targets Christian communities, and radical members of the nomadic Fulani.

The groups engage in torture, sexual assault, kidnappings, mass killings, and other forms of violence, the report documents.

Boko Haram is an insurgency group that has “wreaked havoc in Nigeria, bombing and burning down churches, killing Christians and non-Muslims in mass, and targeting any individual it believes to be engaging in ‘un-Islamic’ activity.”

From 2009 to 2014, Boko Haram was responsible for kidnapping 22,000 Christians as well as burning 13,000 churches and 1,500 Christian schools. In 2023 alone, the group killed about 500 Nigerian Christians.

IS-WA, “the deadliest terrorist organization in Nigeria,” split from Boko Haram in the mid-2010s and has since pledged allegiance to ISIS. IS-WA publicly executed Christians for their faith in 2019; bombed a Catholic church, killing 40 congregants in 2022; and bombed a market in 2022 for selling alcohol.

Extremists of the Fulani group, which is traditionally a nomadic herding group, were responsible for killing at least 5,000 Christians in 2023 alone.

The report notes that the Fulani “strategically target Christian communities,” engaging in the cutting of limbs, torturing, and raping of victims. The Fulani were also responsible for the 2023 Christmas Eve attacks on a string of 21 Christian villages.

The report finds that the Nigerian government often fails to protect the Christian communities. Thirty-seven distress calls were made to security officials warning of the Christmas Eve attacks, but the government failed to protect the communities, the report notes.

In northeastern Nigeria, civilians report that Nigerian security forces “deliberately avoid responding to warnings of violence until after attacks have taken place.”

“Unchecked terrorism has led to a kidnapping epidemic in Nigeria,” the report reads, noting that in 2023, at least 4,700 Christians were abducted, 281 of whom were kidnapped because of their faith.

Twelve of Nigeria’s 36 states enforce blasphemy laws where blasphemy is punishable by imprisonment or death, according to the Islamic code, Sharia law. This goes against Nigeria’s constitution, which restricts Sharia courts to matters of personal law.

In Kano state, Solomon Tarfa, who ran the Christian orphanage Du Merci with his wife, Mercy, was arrested when the orphanage was raided by police without a warrant. The orphanage was closed.

Most of the children were sent to an Islamic orphanage, but 16 children remain in government custody, where they have reported being abused and neglected. In one case, the report shows a photograph of a 16-year-old boy with third-degree burns on his hands and arms from time in government custody.

Sharia law has also led to forced marriage and conversion of Christian girls and women, the report notes. “Northern state governments regularly refuse to protect Christian families from this abuse,” the report reads, listing several cases of kidnapping where the local governments approved of the forced marriage or did nothing.

The U.S. has yet to designate Nigeria as a Country of Particular Concern for its religious persecution, the report noted, even though the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), the highest religious freedom advisory body in the nation, has been recommending it do so since 2009.

In 2020, former secretary of state Mike Pompeo designated Nigeria as a CPC for the first time, but the designation was removed the following year under Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who attributed the violence to other causes.

“Sadly, it appears that the CPC designations have been politicized,” the document reads. “Rather than being used as a tool to advance religious freedom abroad, administrations are dodging the designation to avoid political problems.”

The report advises that the U.S. take a series of steps to hold Nigeria accountable and address the issues, including appointing an ambassador to Nigeria, selecting a special envoy to report on the violence, and analyzing U.S. aid distribution to Nigeria.

“Finally, the U.S. needs to understand and broadcast the true nature of the violence in Nigeria,” the report concludes. “Diminishing the violence to secondary issues of ‘farmers-herders conflict’ or ‘climate change’ prevents the U.S. from sufficiently addressing the source of the violence.”

“The United States’ failure to hold Nigeria accountable for its religious freedom violations has allowed the Nigerian government to operate with impunity, perpetuating the violence caused by nonstate actors and allowing state-level persecution to continue,” the document notes.

“The unchecked violence and discrimination have led to severe loss of life, particularly Christians, and the conflict continues to undermine the Nigerian government, threaten national security, and cause significant economic loss,” it reads.